2016年7月16日托福口语超小范围预测Task 6：

　　1. The professor talks about why solidarity develops in different societies.

　　One reason is that all society members do the same kind of job. For example, people in rural areas are mainly farmers who deal with basic work and so they share similar lives. Solidarity develops in this society because the same job creates a sense of unity.

　　The other reason is because of different divisions of job. For instance, people in town have different tasks like doctors and stuff, and they are interdependent. Solidarity develops in this kind of society because people depend on each other.

　　NO.2

　　Soil中也有生存的mammal . Firstly, they must be able to move, for the soil is not like the water, it's thick and condense. 2, able to protect themselves from things like the particles in soil.

　　接着教授举了2 examples. 1,mow, has strong feet, like the shovel, that can dig deeply 2, ……。 has tiny eyes, also have hair that cover their eye from particle infection.

　　NO.3

　　广告里的名人效应。说名人做广告当然很好，但是有两点风险。第一是人们太关注明星而忽视了产品，举了个pizza的例子，人们只注意看那个知名的喜剧演员了，谁都不去注意pizza，结果pizza卖得不好。第二是有时候名人前后表现不一致，举了电脑的例子，某名人在做广告时说她最喜欢XX电脑，但接受杂志采访时又说其实自己不用电脑，结果这电脑也滞销了。

　　NO.4

　　Waiting Time

　　很多成功营销的秘诀就是waiting time.但对商业行为而言，关键并不是实际等待的时间，而是感知等待时间conceived waiting time,就是the time that consumers think they are waiting.

　　商家一般通过两种策略来cut conceived waiting time。

　　(1)，让顾客有事可做：Let the consumers have something to do.给了两个例子，一是在医院休息室的doctor’s waiting room，放一电视TV，大家看电视，不知不觉时间就过去了;二是在电梯口elevator，放一镜子mirror，大家对着镜子臭美一下，时间就过去了，就cannot conceived the waiting time了。

　　(2)，告诉顾客他们实际上等待了多久tell them the real waiting time。很多人就是自己觉得等得长，他等了十分钟觉得已经等了二十分钟了，于是就着急。这第二种策略最常见的就是火车站，大喇叭里不停的告诉你，还有多长时间，通过这种tell you the truth 的方式，来reduce conceived waiting time.

　　问题：什么是conceived waiting time以及商家reduce conceived waiting time的策略。

　　NO.5

　　广告的口号，两种slogan，1、for the whole company 2、for specific product

　　EXAMPLE家具厂用自己的广告告诉他们的东西结实。

　　EXAMPLE打印机

　　NO.6

　　Memory gaps, we fill our memory gaps inaccurately in two ways.

　　Way 1: with plausible guesses and assumptions

　　Example 1: 车祸后被要求回忆，他们会说出一些有道理但不真实的原因，比如司机在打电话或安全带没系

　　Way 2: others’ suggestions and opinions

　　Example 2: 车祸后被要求回忆，如果问题是”司机当时开车的速度怎样”，人们会被速度所影响

　　NO.7

　　【讲课要点】：

　　动物靠在空中放出pheromone来交流communicate。这种化学物质有两个用途：

　　1. 判断location: an insect can use this chemical to guide another insect from food to home。举例：蜜蜂在外找食，在巢里的其他蜜蜂就会发出这种激素，帮助找食的蜜蜂找到自己的巢。

　　2. this chemical is the signal to show that female animals are ready to mate交配。举例：a female moth can relapse this chemical, so a male moth can know this female moth is ready to mate and can find where it is。" S6: 暂时无法确定题目来源

　　NO.8

　　【讲课要点】：

　　Protective Adaptation

　　1. Structure adaptation -- grow specific body structure

　　通过改变身体的部分来适应环境，或是防御掠食者

　　EG:说一种B鲨鱼，个头小，身体弱，vulnerable to big sharks，最后经历漫长的演化尾部长出spike，防止其他比他大的鲨鱼的attack。

　　2. Behavior adaptation -- change behavior

　　通过装死、改变自身的行为来骗过掠食者

　　EG:说北美的一种动物，当遇到天敌攻击时就会pretend death, shut eyes, heart beat slow, breath slight…