NO.17

　　2016年7月16日托福口语超小范围预测Task 3

　　【学生写信】：

　　学生写信建议学校的剧院演出应该向所有人免费开放。

　　好处1：当地居民能够得到free entrainment;

　　好处2：观众多了演员会演的更有热情。

　　【学生态度】：男生赞成此建议。

　　理由1：nearby没有什么theater, 来回的交通费加上演出费很贵。开放学校剧院能让当地居民不用跑很远就能欣赏到professional的演出;

　　理由2：男生自己作为一个actor, 觉得观众多可以给他鼓励。举例说当表演一段幽默戏的时候，底下只坐了一半人，没什么人笑，会影响表演质量。相反，要是人多，反响热烈，表演也更有劲了。

　　Question：Explain the man’s opinion and why he holds that opinion.

　　NO.18

　　阅读：一个学生给的提议，说学校地上垃圾多，张贴画也脏，多。提议学生组成volunteer,分组拾垃圾。

　　听力中两个学生讨论，一个女生就不同意，她说：脏要看情况，我们学校这么大，人这么多。刚扫干净，又会有垃圾，张贴画，你撕了人家再贴，也是一样的，而且学生到学校是学习的，不是做志愿者的。真要干净校园，学校要雇人，花钱叫专人来干。

　　Task 4：

　　No.1

　　Recruitment: Insects release signals to inform other insects to come and cooperate. For example, there is a type of ant called the fire ant that live in nests in South America. Some ants have a special job which is to leave the nests to find food. When one ant finds a piece of fruit too big for it to carry back, it will walk back to recruit more ants while releasing a chemical that forms a trail on the way. When it arrives, other ants can then follow the trail and find the fruit and then carry it back together.

　　NO.2

　　Definition: Environment impact assessment, ""The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project.”

　　Example: The professor gives an example of a construction company. The company was going to build a shopping center on a large land. Before the construction, they did a study and found the land was wetland. Their original plan was to fill solid soil into this land. But the environment impact assessment said that the wetland was very important for the environment. It could prevent flooding because it could hold water. So they decided not to fill the land and cancel this plan. Alternatively, they moved to another piece of land.

　　NO.3

　　阅读部分讲到实验考古学，研究人员运用古人的技术和工具来实践。听力部分讲了个例子，说有一块大陆和一个岛，这个岛上的人最早是不是从这个大陆来的呢?大陆上的人有木有这个能力到岛上去。于是研究人员就用当年的技术、木头和绳索造了个木木筏，然后坐这个木筏穿过这片海洋，证明大陆上的人是有能力去岛上的，所以很可能是岛上的人的来源。

　　NO.4

　　Task4:

　　priming：人们早先的经历会影响他们对事物的interpret

　　例子：如果一个男生，上车并且打开notebook 然后写东西：

　　一个女人早上遇到大学同学，就回想起大学生活。所以她认为这个男生是学生并且在work for classes 或work for due paper

　　一个女人刚刚读完诗歌，所以她认为男生是诗人。

　　NO.5

　　Task 4:

　　anticipated emotion。人们采取行动之前会对自己做了这个事情之后会有一个怎样的心情有一个估测，然后根据这个估测决定自己是不是要做那件事。lecture 里，教授举例子说有一次去给妹妹买生日礼物，发现一件很想买的 jacket，但是买了 jacket 之后就只能给妹妹买很便宜的小礼物，于是他就想如果真的买了 jacket 的话他肯定会很愧疚，所以最后决定还是不买了

　　Anticipated emotion: Before doing something, people will anticipate the kind of emotion they might have after doing it, and therefore decide whether they will do it or not based on the emotion.

　　Example: The professor went to buy his sister a birthday present, but saw a jacket he really wanted. If he bought the jacket, he would have to buy a cheaper present for his sister. Then thought about how he would feel if he had bought the jacket and thought he would feel guilty, so he decided not to buy the jacket.

　　NO.6