[托福阅读]老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 1_吉林新东方
2016-05-04 09:20
来源：新东方
作者：新东方
|
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The influence of ice on the diet (B) The development of refrigeration (C) The transportation of goods to market (D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century 2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States? (A) in 1803 (B) sometime before 1850 (C) during the civil war (D) near the end of the nineteenth century 3. The phrase "forward-looking" in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) progressive (B) popular (C) thrifty (D) well-established 4. The author mentions fish in line 4 because (A) many fish dealers also sold ice (B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars (C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice (D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox 5. The word "it" in line 5 refers to (A) fresh meat (B) the Civil War (C) ice (D) a refrigerator 6. According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox? (A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars (B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice (C) The use of insufficient insulation (D) Inadequate understanding of physics 7. The word "rudimentary" in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) growing (B) undeveloped (C) necessary (D) uninteresting 8. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would (A) completely prevent ice from melting (B) stop air from circulating (C) allow ice to melt slowly (D) use blankets to conserve ice 9. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been "on the right track" (lines 18-19) to indicate that (A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm (B) Moore was an honest merchant (C) Moore was a prosperous farmer (D) Moore's design was fairly successful 10. According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him to (A) charge more for his butter (B) travel to market at night (C) manufacture butter more quickly (D) produce ice all year round 11. The "produce" mentioned in line 25 could include (A) iceboxes (B) butter (C) ice (D) markets 
吉林新东方官方微信：吉林新东方 （微信号：jlxdfcn） 最新考试资讯、大学四六级、考研课程，请扫一扫二维码，关注我们的官方微信!
相关推荐
版权及免责声明 ①凡本网注明"稿件来源：新东方"的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件，版权均属新东方教育科技集团（含本网和新东方网） 所有，任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站，在下载使用时必须注明"稿件来源：新东方"，违者本网将依法追究法律责任。 ② 本网未注明"稿件来源：新东方"的文/图等稿件均为转载稿，本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用，必须保留本网注明的"稿件来源"，并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为"稿件来源：新东方"，本网将依法追究法律责任。 ③ 如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题，请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与新东方网联系，电话：010-60908555。 |
